A number of standard techniques and tools are often used in the computer simulation of societies. Links related to these can be found below. More general papers, monographs and references can be found in the bibliography.

Artificial Life

Using techniques developed to model non-human life-forms.

Cellular Automata

Societies modelled on a grid with local interactions between cells.

Distributed Artificial Intelligence

Interacting agents with 'intelligence'.

Genetic Algorithms

Learning through evolution and selection.

Microsimulation

Ageing samples year by year to model taxes, benefits and changing individual attributes.

Neural Networks

Learning using artificial neural networks.

System Dynamics

Macro-level differential and difference equation models.

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http://www.soc.surrey.ac.uk/research/simsoc/links.html